Ubuntu and Terminal Commands

Ubuntu

What is Ubuntu..

• Ubunthu is a complete based on Linux.
• Ubuntu is an open source operating system.
• Ubuntu was developed on 20th October 2004.
•  Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core

Benefits of Ubuntu..

• Ubuntu is one of the most secured operating system and defines the highest level of security as compared other operating system.
• Ubuntu is an open source OS.
• Ubuntu is most popular Linux operating system.
• Most of the softwares in Ubuntu are pre-installed to enhance user experience.
• There are some softwares are pre-installed with ubuntu os such as Libre office,VLC media player,Slack,Firefox browser,Skype and etc.

Ubuntu Terminal

• Ubuntu is a Developer based Operating System.but Windows is a regular user based Operating System.
• Terminal is Command Line Interface like that Command Prompot in windows.
• Terminal is used to run a task ,create a folder,create a file and more every actions.
• Every actions are done by a variety of commands.
• In windows we call a folder as "folder".but in terminal we call a folder as "directories".

Basic Commands in Terminal

1. ls  :  Listing
• Display all directories and files in current directory
2. cd  :  Change directory
• Enter into an other directory.
• cd <directory>
• Eg:cd Downloads
3. cd ..  :  cd<space><dot><dot>
• Step back from current directory.Like backspace in computer keyboard.
4. cd
• Go back to root
5. mkdir  :  Make directory
• Create a new directory (new folder) in current directory.
• mkdir<space><directory name>
• Eg:mkdir project
6. touch
• Create a file in current directory
• touch<space><file name><dot><extension>
• Eg: touch Myself.txt
• If we create a file without an extension, terminal is handle that file as a text file(txt) in default.So we must indicate the extension of the file.
• We can create different file types using same file name.
7. rm  :  Remove
• Remove a file from current directory.
• rm<space><file name with extension>
• Eg : rm myself.txt
8. rmdir : Remove directory
• Remove a directory(folder) from current directory.
• rmdir<space><directory name>
• Eg:  rmdir myfolder
9. clear
• Display the cleaned space of the terminal.
• But this command does not delete old terminal logs.
10. tree
• Display the simplified directory and files paths like a tree's boughs.
11. sudo (SuperUser DO)
• This command allows you to run programs or other commands with administrative privileges, just like “Run as administrator” in Windows. This is useful when, for example, you need to modify files in a directory that your user wouldn’t normally have access to.
12. pwd



• displays the full pathname of the current working directory.
13. cp
• Copy files
14. mv
• Move files
15. history

• displays all of your previous commands
16. df

• displays information about the disk space usage of all mounted filesystems
17. free
• Displays the amount of free space available on the system
18. passwd
• This is used to change user password using Terminal.

Ubuntu Terminal Shortcuts

Reference  :  Clickhere